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Protein Science, Vol 1, Issue 10 1308-1318, Copyright © 1992 by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press

ARTICLE

Antigen-antibody interactions: Elucidation of the epitope and strain-specificity of a monoclonal antibody directed against the pilin protein adherence binding domain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain K

W. Y. WONG, R. T. IRVIN, W. PARANCHYCH and R. S. HODGES
Department of Biochemistry and Medical Research Council of Canada Group in Protein Structure and Function, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada

The C-terminal region of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain K (PAK) pilin comprises both an epitope for the strain-specific monoclonal antibody PK99H, which blocks pilus-mediated adherence, and the adherence binding domain for buccal and tracheal epithelial cells. The PK99H epitope was located in sequence 134-140 (Asp-Glu-Gln-Phe-Ile-Pro-Lys) by using a single alanine replacement analysis on the 17-residue synthetic peptide corresponding to the PAK C-terminal sequence 128-144. Indeed, a 7-residue peptide corresponding to this sequence was shown to have a similar binding affinity to that of the native conformationally constrained (disulfide bridged) 17-residue peptide. This epitope was found to contain two critical residues (Phe(137) and Lys(140)) and one nonessential residue (Gln(136)). Interestingly, the peptide, Phe-Ile-Pro-Lys, which constitutes the four most important side chains for antibody binding did not bind to PK99H. It was of interest to investigate the structural basis of the strain-specificity of PK99H utilizing naturally occurring pilin sequences. Therefore, all different residues found in the sequence corresponding to the PK99H epitope of the four other strains (PAO, CD4, K122-4, and KB7) were substituted one at a time in the PAK sequence and the changes in binding affinity of these analogs to the antibody PK99H were determined by competitive ELISA. The strain-specificity of PK99H for strains PAO, K122-4, and KB7 can be explained by the accumulated sequence changes in these strains, and at least two amino acid changes were required to explain the strain-specificity of PK99H. Similarly, cross-reactivity of PK99H with CD4 can be explained by the fact that there was only one side chain responsible for decreasing binding affinity compared to the PAK sequence.
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