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Amphiphilic biopolymers (amphibiopols) as new surfactants for membrane protein solubilization

¹ Laboratoire Polymères, Biopolymères, Membranes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 6522 (CNRS et Université de Rouen), F-76 821 Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France
² Centre de Biochimie Structurale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5048 CNRS et 554 INSERM, F-34 090 Montpellier, France

Reprint requests to: Emmanuelle Dé, Laboratoire Polymères, Biopolymères, Membranes, UMR 6522 CNRS, Université de Rouen, F-76 821 Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France; e-mail: emmanuelle.de{at}univ-rouen.fr; fax: 33-2-3514-6704.

The aim of this study was to develop new surfactants for membrane protein solubilization, from a natural, biodegradable polymer: the polysaccharide pullulan. A set of amphiphilic pullulans (HMCMPs), differing in hydrophobic modification ratio, charge ratio, and the nature of the hydrophobic chains introduced, were synthesized and tested in solubilization experiments with outer membranes of Pseudomonas fluorescens. The membrane proteins were precipitated, and then resolubilized with various HMCMPs. The decyl alkyl chain (C₁₀) was the hydrophobic graft that gave the highest level of solubilization. Decyl alkyl chain-bearing HMCMPs were also able to extract integral membrane proteins from their lipid environment. The best results were obtained with an amphiphilic pullulan bearing 18% decyl groups (18C₁₀). Circular dichroism spectroscopy and membrane reconstitution experiments were used to test the structural and functional integrity of 18C₁₀-solubilized proteins (OmpF from Escherichia coli and bacteriorhodopsin from Halobacterium halobium). Whatever their structure type ( or ß), 18C₁₀ did not alter either the structure or the function of the proteins analyzed. Thus, HMCMPs appear to constitute a promising new class of polymeric surfactants for membrane protein studies.

Keywords: Membrane protein; solubilization; amphiphilic polysaccharide; polymeric surfactant; pullulan

Abbreviations: BR, bacteriorhodopsin • HMCMP, hydrophobically modified carboxymethylpullulan • LiDS, lithium dodecylsulfate • Octyl-POE, octylpolyoxyethylene • Tris-HCl, Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane hydrochloride

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