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Protein Science (2004), 13:1435-1448. Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. Copyright © 2004 The Protein Society
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REVIEW

The ankyrin repeat as molecular architecture for protein recognition

Leila K. Mosavi1, Tobin J. Cammett, Daniel C. Desrosiers and Zheng-yu Peng

Department of Molecular, Microbial, and Structural Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06032, USA



Abstract

The ankyrin repeat is one of the most frequently observed amino acid motifs in protein databases. This protein–protein interaction module is involved in a diverse set of cellular functions, and consequently, defects in ankyrin repeat proteins have been found in a number of human diseases. Recent biophysical, crystallographic, and NMR studies have been used to measure the stability and define the various topological features of this motif in an effort to understand the structural basis of ankyrin repeat-mediated protein–protein interactions. Characterization of the folding and assembly pathways suggests that ankyrin repeat domains generally undergo a two-state folding transition despite their modular structure. Also, the large number of available sequences has allowed the ankyrin repeat to be used as a template for consensus-based protein design. Such projects have been successful in revealing positions responsible for structure and function in the ankyrin repeat as well as creating a potential universal scaffold for molecular recognition.

Keywords: ankyrin repeat; repeat motif; p16; protei–protein interactions


Reprint requests to: Zheng-yu Peng, MC3305, Department of Molecular, Microbial, and Structural Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06032, USA; e-mail: peng{at}nso2.uchc.edu; fax: (860) 679-3408.

1 Present address: Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.

Article and publication are at http://www.proteinscience.org/cgi/doi/10.1110/ps.03554604.


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