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1 Service de Biochimie Post-Génomique et Toxicologie Nucléaire, Direction des Sciences du Vivant (DSV)—Département d’Ingénierie et d’Etudes des Protéines (DIEP), Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique (CEA-VALRHO), F-30207 Bagnols-sur-Céze, France
2 Laboratoire de Structures des Protéines, DSV-DIEP, CEA-SACLAY F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
(RECEIVED January 6, 2005; FINAL REVISION April 7, 2005; ACCEPTED April 27, 2005)
Eukaryotic cells have evolved DNA damage checkpoints in response to genome damage. They delay the cell cycle and activate repair mechanisms. The kinases at the heart of these pathways and the accessory proteins, which localize to DNA lesions and regulate kinase activation, are conserved from yeast to mammals. For Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad9, a key adaptor protein in DNA damage checkpoint pathways, no clear human ortholog has yet been described in mammals. Rad9, however, shares localized homology with both human BRCA1 and 53BP1 since they all contain tandem C-terminal BRCT (BRCA1 C-terminal) motifs. 53BP1 is also a key mediator in DNA damage signaling required for cell cycle arrest, which has just been reported to possess a tandem Tudor repeat upstream of the BRCT motifs. Here we show that the major globular domain upstream of yeast Rad9 BRCT domains is structurally extremely similar to the Tudor domains recently resolved for 53BP1 and SMN. By expressing several fragments encompassing the Tudor-related motif and characterizing them using various physical methods, we isolated the independently folded unit for yeast Rad9. As in 53BP1, the domain corresponds to the SMN Tudor motif plus the contiguous HCA predicted structure region at the C terminus. These domains may help to further elucidate the structural and functional features of these two proteins and improve knowledge of the proteins involved in DNA damage.
Keywords: protein domain; Tudor domain; yeast Rad9; mouse 53BP1; DNA damage; cell cycle checkpoint
Article and publication are at http://www.proteinscience.org/cgi/doi/10.1110/ps.041305205.
Reprint requests to: B. Alpha-Bazin, CEA-VALRHO,DSV-DIEP, Service de Biochimie Post-génomique & Toxicologie Nucléaire, F-30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France; e-mail: alpha-bazin{at}cea.fr; fax: 33-4-6679-1905.
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