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Protein Science (2006), 15:1260-1269. Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. Copyright © 2006 The Protein Society
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Identification of novel quaternary domain interactions in the Hsp90 chaperone, GRP94

Feixia Chu1,2, Jason C. Maynard3, Gabriela Chiosis4, Christopher V. Nicchitta3 and Alma L. Burlingame1,2

1 Mass Spectrometry Facility
2 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
3 Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
4 Program in Molecular Pharmacology & Chemistry and Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, USA

(RECEIVED December 22, 2005; FINAL REVISION February 28, 2006; ACCEPTED February 28, 2006)

The structural basis for the coupling of ATP binding and hydrolysis to chaperone activity remains a central question in Hsp90 biology. By analogy to MutL, ATP binding to Hsp90 is thought to promote intramolecular N-terminal dimerization, yielding a molecular clamp functioning in substrate protein activation. Though observed in studies with recombinant domains, whether such quaternary states are present in native Hsp90s is unknown. In this study, native subunit interactions in GRP94, the endoplasmic reticulum Hsp90, were analyzed using chemical cross-linking in conjunction with tandem mass spectrometry. We report the identification of two distinct intermolecular interaction sites. Consistent with previous studies, one site comprises the C-terminal dimerization domain. The remaining site represents a novel intermolecular contact between the N-terminal and middle (M) domains of opposing subunits. This N+M domain interaction was present in the nucleotide-empty, ADP-, ATP-, or geldanamycin-bound states and could be selectively disrupted upon addition of synthetic geldanamycin dimers. These results identify a compact, intertwined quaternary conformation of native GRP94 and suggest that intersubunit N+M interactions are integral to the structural biology of Hsp90.

Keywords: adenosine nucleotides; geldanamycin; GRP94; Hsp90; molecular chaperone

Abbreviations: GRP94, glucose-regulated protein of 94 kDaHsp90, heat shock protein 90HtpG, high-temperature protein GGM, geldanamycinGMD, geldanamycin dimerLC-MS, liquid chromatography mass spectrometryCID, collision-induced dissociationDSS, disuccinimidyl suberate.


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