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Protein Science, Vol 6, Issue 7 1387-1395, Copyright © 1997 by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press

ARTICLE

Conformational stability of ribonuclease T1 determined by hydrogen-deuterium exchange

L. S. MULLINS, C. N. PACE and F. M. RAUSHEL
Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas 77843

The hydrogen-deuterium exchange kinetics of 37 backbone amide residues in RNase T1 have been monitored at 25, 40, 45, and 50{deg}C at pD 5.6 and at 40 and 45{deg}C at pD 6.6. The hydrogen exchange rate constants of the hydrogen-bonded residues varied over eight orders of magnitude at 25{deg}C with 13 residues showing exchange rates consistent with exchange occurring as a result of global unfolding. These residues are located in strands 2-4 of the central {beta}-pleated sheet. The residues located in the {alpha}-helix and the remaining strands of the {beta}-sheet exhibited exchange behaviors consistent with exchange occurring due to local structural fluctuations. For several residues at 25{deg}C, the global free energy change calculated from the hydrogen exchange data was over 2 kcal/mol greater than the free energy of unfolding determined from urea denaturation experiments. The number of residues showing this unexpected behavior was found to increase with temperature. This apparent inconsistency can be explained quantitatively if the cis-trans isomerization of the two cis prolines, Pro-39 and Pro-55, is taken into account. The cis-trans isomerization equilibrium calculated from kinetic data indicates the free energy of the unfolded state will be 2.6 kcal/mol higher at 25{deg}C when the two prolines are cis rather than trans (Mayr LM, Odefey CO, Schutkowski M, Schmid FX. 1996. Kinetic analysis of the unfolding and refolding of ribonuclease T1 by a stopped-flow double-mixing technique. Biochemistry 35: 5550-5561). The hydrogen exchange results are consistent with the most slowly exchanging hydrogens exchanging from a globally higher free energy unfolded state in which Pro-55 and Pro-39 are still predominantly in the cis conformation. When the conformational stabilities determined by hydrogen exchange are corrected for the proline isomerization equilibrium, the results are in excellent agreement with those from an analysis of urea denaturation curves.
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