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Protein Science, Vol 7, Issue 2 491-499, Copyright © 1998 by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press

ARTICLE

GENFOLD: A genetic algorithm for folding protein structures using NMR restraints

M. J. BAYLEY, G. JONES, P. WILLETT and M. P. WILLIAMSON
Department of Information Studies and Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Krebs Institute for Biomolecular Research, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom

We report the development and validation of the program GENFOLD, a genetic algorithm that calculates protein structures using restraints obtained from NMR, such as distances derived from nuclear Overhauser effects, and dihedral angles derived from coupling constants. The program has been tested on three proteins: the POU domain (a small three-helix DNA-binding protein), bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI), and the starch-binding domain from Aspergillus niger glucoamylase I, a 108-residue {beta}-sheet protein. Structures were calculated for each protein using published NMR restraints. In addition, structures were calculated for BPTI using artificial restraints generated from a high-resolution crystal structure. In all cases the fittest calculated structures were close to the target structure, and could be refined to structures indistinguishable from the target structures by means of a low-temperature simulated annealing refinement. The effectiveness of the program is similar to that of distance geometry and simulated annealing methods, and it is capable of using a very wide range of restraints as input. It can thus be readily extended to the calculation of structures of large proteins, for which few NOE restraints may be available.
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[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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