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Protein Science, Vol 7, Issue 6 1469-1476, Copyright © 1998 by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
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C. S. KLUG and J. B. FEIX
Biophysics Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
We have used the electron spin resonance (ESR) site-directed spin-labeling (SDSL) technique to examine the guanidine hydrochloride (Gdn-HCl) induced denaturation of several sites along a transmembrane {beta}-strand located in the ferric enterobactin receptor, FepA. In addition, we have continued the characterization of the {beta}-strand previously identified by our group (Klug CS et al., 1997, Biochemistry 36:13027-13033) to extend from the periplasm to the extracellular surface loop in FepA, an integral membrane protein containing a {beta}-barrel motif comprised of a series of antiparallel {beta}-strands that is responsible for transport of the iron chelate, ferric enterobactin (FeEnt), across the outer membrane of Escherichia coli and many related enteric bacteria. We have previously shown that a large surface loop in FepA containing the FeEnt binding site denatures independently of the {beta}-barrel domain (Klug CS et al., 1995, Biochemistry 34:14230-14236). The SDSL approach allows examination of the unfolding at individual residues independent of the global unfolding of the protein. This work shows that sites along the {beta}-strand that are exposed to the aqueous lumen of the channel denature more rapidly and with higher cooperativity than the surface loop, while sites on the hydrophobic side of the {beta}-strand undergo a limited degree of noncooperative unfolding and do not fully denature even at high (e.g., 4M) Gdn-HCl concentrations. We conclude that, in a transmembrane {beta}-strand, the local environment of a given residue plays a significant role in the loss of structure at each site.
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