Protein Science, Vol 9, Issue 1 170-179, Copyright © 2000 by The Protein Society

JOURNAL ARTICLE

Phosphorylation and subcellular redistribution of high mobility group proteins 14 and 17, analyzed by mass spectrometry

DF Louie, KK Gloor, SC Galasinski, KA Resing and NG Ahn
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309, USA.

High mobility group (HMG) proteins 14 and 17 are nonhistone nuclear proteins that have been implicated in control of transcription and chromatin structure. To examine the posttranslational modifications of HMG-14 and -17 in vivo, HMG proteins were prepared from nuclear vs. cytosolic fractions of human K562 cells treated with 12-O- tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) or okadaic acid (OA) and examined by electrospray mass spectrometry. Analysis of full-length masses demonstrated mono-, di-, and triphosphorylation of HMG-14 and mono- and diphosphorylation of HMG-17 from OA treated cells, whereas HMG-14 and - 17 from TPA treated cells were monophosphorylated. Peptide mass and sequence analysis showed major and minor phosphorylation sites, respectively, at Ser24 and Ser28 in HMG-17, and Ser20 and Ser24 in HMG- 14. These sites were found in the consensus sequence RRSARLSAK, within the nucleosomal binding domain of each protein. A third phosphorylation site in HMG-14 was located at either Ser6 or Ser7. Interestingly, the proportion of HMG-14 and -17 found in cytosolic pools increased significantly after 1 h of treatment compared to control cells and showed preferential phosphorylation compared with proteins from nuclear fractions. These results suggest that phosphorylation of HMG-14 and -7 interferes with nuclear localization mechanisms in a manner favoring release from nuclei.
CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

				S. Cherukuri, R. Hock, T. Ueda, F. Catez, M. Rochman, and M. Bustin Cell Cycle-dependent Binding of HMGN Proteins to Chromatin Mol. Biol. Cell, May 1, 2008; 19(5): 1816 - 1824. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Prymakowska-Bosak, R. Hock, F. Catez, J.-H. Lim, Y. Birger, H. Shirakawa, K. Lee, and M. Bustin Mitotic Phosphorylation of Chromosomal Protein HMGN1 Inhibits Nuclear Import and Promotes Interaction with 14.3.3 Proteins Mol. Cell. Biol., October 1, 2002; 22(19): 6809 - 6819. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Prymakowska-Bosak, T. Misteli, J. E. Herrera, H. Shirakawa, Y. Birger, S. Garfield, and M. Bustin Mitotic Phosphorylation Prevents the Binding of HMGN Proteins to Chromatin Mol. Cell. Biol., August 1, 2001; 21(15): 5169 - 5178. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Liu, Y. Li, V. Prabhu, L. Young, K. G. Becker, P. J. Munson, and N.-p. Weng Augmentation in Expression of Activation-Induced Genes Differentiates Memory from Naive CD4+ T Cells and Is a Molecular Mechanism for Enhanced Cellular Response of Memory CD4+ T Cells J. Immunol., June 15, 2001; 166(12): 7335 - 7344. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Schwanbeck, M. Gymnopoulos, I. Petry, A. Piekielko, Z. Szewczuk, T. Heyduk, K. Zechel, and J. R. Wisniewski Consecutive Steps of Phosphorylation Affect Conformation and DNA Binding of the Chironomus High Mobility Group A Protein J. Biol. Chem., July 6, 2001; 276(28): 26012 - 26021. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]