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Published online before print December 22, 2006
Protein Science, DOI: 10.1110/ps.062590807
 Copyright © 2006 The Protein Society
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PROTEIN STRUCTURE REPORT

Self-assembly of coiled-coil tetramers in the 1.40 Å structure of a leucine-zipper mutant

Yiqun Deng1, Qi Zheng1, Jie Liu1, Chao-Sheng Cheng1, Neville R. Kallenbach2, and Min Lu1

1 Department of Biochemistry, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10021, USA
2 Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA

(RECEIVED September 28, 2006; FINAL REVISION November 8, 2006; ACCEPTED November 8, 2006)

The hydrophobic core of the GCN4 leucine-zipper dimerization domain is formed by a parallel helical association between nonpolar side chains at the a and d positions of the heptad repeat. Here we report a self-assembling coiled-coil array formed by the GCN4-pAe peptide that differs from the wild-type GCN4 leucine zipper by alanine substitutions at three charged e positions. GCN4-pAe is incompletely folded in normal solution conditions yet self-assembles into an antiparallel tetraplex in crystals by formation of unanticipated hydrophobic seams linking the last two heptads of two parallel double-stranded coiled coils. The GCN4-pAe tetramers in the lattice associate laterally through the identical interactions to those in the intramolecular dimer–dimer interface. The van der Waals packing interaction in the solid state controls extended supramolecular assembly of the protein, providing an unusual atomic scale view of a mesostructure.

Keywords: protein engineering; coiled-coil assembly; supramolecular structure

Reprint requests to: Min Lu, Department of Biochemistry, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021; e-mail: mlu{at}med.cornell.edu; fax: (212) 746-8875.

Article published online ahead of print. Article and publication date are at http://www.proteinscience.org/cgi/doi/10.1110/ps.062590807.

Abbreviations: TBS, Tris-buffered saline; CD, circular dichroism; [{theta}]222, molar ellipticity at 222 nm; T m, midpoint of the thermal unfolding transition; RMS, root mean square; LB, Luria-Bertani; IPTG, isopropylthio-beta-D-galactoside; HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography.


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