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X-ray crystallographic analysis of the sulfur carrier protein SoxY from Chlorobium limicola f. thiosulfatophilum reveals a tetrameric structure

Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry and Protein Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Physiology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, B-Belgium

(RECEIVED October 24, 2006; FINAL REVISION December 20, 2006; ACCEPTED December 20, 2006)

Dissimilatory oxidation of thiosulfate in the green sulfur bacterium Chlorobium limicola f. thiosulfatophilum is carried out by the ubiquitous sulfur-oxidizing (Sox) multi-enzyme system. In this system, SoxY plays a key role, functioning as the sulfur substrate-binding protein that offers its sulfur substrate, which is covalently bound to a conserved C-terminal cysteine, to another oxidizing Sox enzyme. Here, we report the crystal structures of a stand-alone SoxY protein of C. limicola f. thiosulfatophilum, solved at 2.15 Å and 2.40 Å resolution using X-ray diffraction data collected at 100 K and room temperature, respectively. The structure reveals a monomeric Ig-like protein, with an N-terminal -helix, that oligomerizes into a tetramer via conserved contact regions between the monomers. The tetramer can be described as a dimer of dimers that exhibits one large hydrophobic contact region in each dimer and two small hydrophilic interface patches in the tetramer. At the tetramer interface patch, two conserved redox-active C-terminal cysteines form an intersubunit disulfide bridge. Intriguingly, SoxY exhibits a dimer/tetramer equilibrium that is dependent on the redox state of the cysteines and on the type of sulfur substrate component bound to them. Taken together, the dimer/tetramer equilibrium, the specific interactions between the subunits in the tetramer, and the significant conservation level of the interfaces strongly indicate that these SoxY oligomers are biologically relevant.

Keywords: Chlorobium limicola f. thiosulfatophilum ; thiosulfate oxidation; SoxY; crystal structure; sulfur binding

Reprint requests to: Jozef Van Beeumen or Savvas N. Savvides, Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry and Protein Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Physiology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, B-Belgium; e-mail: jozef.vanbeeumen{at}ugent.be or savvas.savvides{at}ugent.be; fax: +32 9264 5338.

Abbreviations: PDB, RSCB protein data bank; ESI MS, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry; MALDI, matrix assisted laser desorption ionization; V_e, elution volume.

Article published online ahead of print. Article and publication date are at http://www.proteinscience.org/cgi/doi/10.1110/ps.062633607.

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