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Bacteria employ two-component signal transduction systems to monitor the environment and adjust their metabolism and behavior to maximize survival even under unfavorable conditions. The YycFG two-component system is the major signal transduction system in Bacillus subtilis known to be essential for cell viability. YycH is a membrane bound periplasmic protein that regulates the YycG kinase activity, perhaps by interacting with the sensing domain of the kinase. The YycH molecule is made up of three domains and has a novel three-dimensional structure. (See Szurmant et al., pp. 929–934.)