http://www.isisweb.org EarlyView RSS Feed http://www.isisweb.org/details/journalArticle/804411/Toddler_Emotion_Regulation_With_Mothers_and_Fathers_Temporal_Associations_Betwee.html The present study investigated temporal associations between putative emotion regulation strategies and negative affect in 20‐month‐old toddlers. Toddlers’ parent‐focused, self‐distraction, and toy‐focused strategies, as well as negative affect, were rated on a second‐by‐second basis during laboratory parent–toddler interactions. Longitudinal mixed‐effects models were conducted to determine the degree to which behavioral strategy use... 2010-08-04T00:00:00Z http://www.isisweb.org/details/journalArticle/804407/OppositionDefiance_in_the_Second_Year_of_Life_A_PopulationBased_Cohort_Study_.html Recent epidemiological evidence suggests that even in the midst of the “terrible twos,” frequent/severe oppositional‐defiant behaviors (ODBs) are not common among toddlers and hence may be indicative of a significant opposition‐defiance problem. The main objective of this study was to obtain a maximum likelihood estimate of the proportion of toddlers in the general population who are reported to exhibit ODBs on a frequent basis, and to... 2010-08-04T00:00:00Z http://www.isisweb.org/details/journalArticle/804405/Social_Engagement_Leads_2YearOlds_to_Overestimate_Others_Knowledge_.html Previous research has found that young children recognize an adult as being acquainted with an object most readily when the child and adult have previously engaged socially with that object together. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that such social engagement is so powerful that it can sometimes lead children to overestimate what has been shared. After having shared two objects with an adult in turn, 2‐year‐old children... 2010-08-04T00:00:00Z http://www.isisweb.org/details/journalArticle/804403/Examining_the_Diversity_of_Prosocial_Behavior_Helping_Sharing_and_Comforting_in_.html Prosocial behaviors are a diverse group of actions that are integral to human social life. In this study, we examined the ability of 18‐ and 24‐month‐old infants to engage in three types of other‐oriented behaviors, specifically helping, sharing, and comforting. Infants in both age groups engaged in more prosocial behavior on trials in which an unfamiliar adult experimenter required aid (experimental conditions) than on those in which she... 2010-08-04T00:00:00Z http://www.isisweb.org/details/journalArticle/766635/Infant_Nutrition_and_12_and_18_Months_Secure_Base_Behavior_An_Exploratory_Study_.html A notable omission in studies of developmental links to early nutritional deficiencies is infant attachment. In those few studies investigating associations between infant nutrition and attachment, nutrition was defined solely by physical growth, and infants had moderate–severe growth retardation. In this study, we utilized multiple markers of infant nutrition. Our sample consisted of 172 12‐month‐old Peruvian infants and their mothers... 2010-07-12T00:00:00Z http://www.isisweb.org/details/journalArticle/766634/Mother_Versus_InfantCentered_Correlates_of_Maternal_MindMindedness_in_the_First_.html We investigated whether maternal mind‐mindedness in infant–mother interaction related to aspects of obstetric history and infant temperament. Study 1, conducted with a socially diverse sample of 206 eight‐month‐old infants and their mothers, focused on links between maternal mind‐mindedness and (i) planned conception, (ii) perception of pregnancy, and (iii) recollections of first contact with the child. The two indices of mind‐mindedness... 2010-07-12T00:00:00Z http://www.isisweb.org/details/journalArticle/766639/Toddlers_Duration_of_Attention_Toward_Putative_Threat_.html Although individual differences in reactions to novelty in the toddler years have been consistently linked to risk of developing anxious behavior, toddlers’ attention toward a novel, putatively threatening stimulus while in the presence of other enjoyable activities has rarely been examined as a precursor to such risk. The current study examined how attention toward an angry‐looking gorilla mask in a room with alternative opportunities... 2010-06-28T00:00:00Z http://www.isisweb.org/details/journalArticle/766638/Finding_the_Signal_by_Adding_Noise_The_Role_of_Noncontrastive_Phonetic_Variabili.html It is well attested that 14‐month‐olds have difficulty learning similar sounding words (e.g., bih/dih), despite their excellent phonetic discrimination abilities. By contrast, Rost and McMurray (2009) recently demonstrated that 14‐month‐olds’ minimal‐pair learning can be improved by the presentation of words by multiple talkers. This study investigates which components of the variability found in multitalker input improved infants’ processing, ... 2010-06-28T00:00:00Z http://www.isisweb.org/details/journalArticle/766637/Developmental_Trajectories_for_MotherInfant_Coregulation_in_the_Second_Year_of_L.html Ten dyads were observed biweekly from 10 to 24 months of infant age while playing together at home with a set of toys. The aim was to examine whether mother–infant coregulation changes over the second year of the infant’s life and whether there are individual differences in that process. Normative trends as well as variability between and within dyads were tested using a multilevel modeling technique. We found that unilateral... 2010-06-28T00:00:00Z http://www.isisweb.org/details/journalArticle/766636/Does_Brief_Bradycardia_at_the_Onset_of_ArmRestraint_Predict_Infants_Emotional_Re.html Using electrocardiogram data with 78 six‐month‐old infants, this study examined the presence or absence of brief orienting bradycardia during the onset of maternal arm‐restraint and subsequent differences between infants on behavioral organization during restraint. Results showed that 45 of the infants exhibited brief episodes of bradycardia at the onset of arm‐restraint. Group comparisons showed infants exhibiting bradycardia to have... 2010-06-28T00:00:00Z http://www.isisweb.org/details/journalArticle/766641/Gaze_Behaviors_of_Preterm_and_FullTerm_Infants_in_Nonsocial_and_Social_Contexts_.html Although research has demonstrated poor visual skills in premature infants, few studies assessed infants’ gaze behaviors across several domains of functioning in a single study. Thirty premature and 30 full‐term 3‐month‐old infants were tested in three social and nonsocial tasks of increasing complexity and their gaze behavior was micro‐coded. In a one‐trial version of the visual recognition paradigm, where novel stimuli were paired with... 2010-06-14T00:00:00Z http://www.isisweb.org/details/journalArticle/766640/Picture_Perception_in_Infants_Generalization_From_TwoDimensional_to_ThreeDimensi.html Two experiments investigated 9‐month‐old infants’ abilities to recognize the correspondence between an actual three‐dimensional (3D) object and its two‐dimensional (2D) representation, looking specifically at representations that did not literally depict the actual object: schematic line drawings. In Experiment 1, infants habituated to a line drawing of either a doll or a sheep and were then tested with the actual objects themselves. ... 2010-06-14T00:00:00Z http://www.isisweb.org/details/journalArticle/766643/Infant_Symbolic_Play_as_an_Early_Indicator_of_Fetal_AlcoholRelated_Deficit_.html Infant symbolic play was examined in relation to prenatal alcohol exposure and socioenvironmental background and to predict which infants met criteria for fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) at 5 years. A total of 107 Cape‐Colored, South African infants born to heavy drinking mothers and abstainers/light drinkers were recruited prenatally. Complexity of play, sociodemographic and psychological correlates of maternal alcohol use, and quality of... 2010-03-10T00:00:00Z http://www.isisweb.org/details/journalArticle/766642/Developmental_Changes_in_Infants_Ability_to_Cope_with_Dialect_Variation_in_Word_.html Toward the end of their first year of life, infants’ overly specified word representations are thought to give way to more abstract ones, which helps them to better cope with variation not relevant to word identity (e.g., voice and affect). This developmental change may help infants process the ambient language more efficiently, thus enabling rapid gains in vocabulary growth. One particular kind of variability that infants must... 2010-03-10T00:00:00Z http://www.isisweb.org/details/journalArticle/560557/Presence_and_Quality_of_Touch_Influence_Coregulation_in_MotherInfant_Dyads_.html The first major goal of this study was to determine whether touch would enhance mother—infant coregulation in ordinary, nonstressful face‐to‐face interactions. In an experimental manipulation of presence versus absence of touch in face‐to‐face interactions between 79 mothers and their 3.5‐month‐old infants, results indicated that when touch is prohibited, relaxed and mutually attuned coregulation (asymmetrical coregulation) decreases.... 2010-02-03T00:00:00Z