http://www.isisweb.org EarlyView RSS Feed http://www.isisweb.org/details/journalArticle/1452885/The_Goal_Trumps_the_Means_Highlighting_Goals_is_More_Beneficial_than_Highlightin.html Means‐end actions are an early‐emerging form of problem solving. These actions require initiating initial behaviors with a goal in mind. In this study, we explored the origins of 8‐month‐old infants’ means‐end action production using a cloth‐pulling training paradigm. We examined whether highlighting the goal (toy) or the means (cloth) was more valuable for learning to perform a well‐organized means‐end action. Infants were given the... 2012-01-25T00:00:00Z http://www.isisweb.org/details/journalArticle/1452887/Anger_and_Positive_Reactivity_in_Infancy_Effects_on_Maternal_Report_of_Surgency_.html We examined two aspects of temperamental approach in early infancy, positive reactivity and anger, and their unique and combined influences on maternal reports of child surgency and attention focusing at 4 years of age. One hundred and fourteen infants were observed for their positive reactions to novel stimuli at 4 months, and their anger expressions during arm restraint at 9 months. Child surgency and attention focusing at age 4 years... 2012-01-25T00:00:00Z http://www.isisweb.org/details/journalArticle/1452889/Maternal_Caregiving_Moderates_the_Relation_Between_Temperamental_Fear_and_Social.html Temperament works in combination with a child’s environment to influence early socioemotional development. We examined whether maternal caregiving behavior at infant age 9 months moderated the relation between infant temperamental fear (9 months) and observations of children’s social behavior with an unfamiliar peer at age 2 in a typically developing sample of 155 children. When infants received lower quality maternal caregiving,... 2012-01-25T00:00:00Z http://www.isisweb.org/details/journalArticle/1434219/Phonological_Specificity_in_12_and_17MonthOld_FrenchSpeaking_Infants.html The literature reports some contradictory results on the degree of phonological specificity of infants’ early lexical representations in the Romance language, French, and Germanic languages. It is not clear whether these discrepancies are because of differences in method, in language characteristics, or in participants’ age. In this study, we examined whether 12‐ and 17‐month‐old French‐speaking infants are able to distinguish... 2011-12-29T00:00:00Z http://www.isisweb.org/details/journalArticle/1434221/Rhythmic_Grouping_Biases_Constrain_Infant_Statistical_Learning.html Linguistic stress and sequential statistical cues to word boundaries interact during speech segmentation in infancy. However, little is known about how the different acoustic components of stress constrain statistical learning. The current studies were designed to investigate whether intensity and duration each function independently as cues to initial prominence (trochaic‐based hypothesis) or whether, as predicted by the Iambic‐Trochaic... 2011-12-29T00:00:00Z http://www.isisweb.org/details/journalArticle/1419731/Looking_Forward_Comment_on_Morgante_Zolfaghari_and_Johnson.html Morgante et al. (in press) find inconsistencies in the time reporting of a Tobii T60XL eye tracker. Their study raises important questions about the use of the Tobii T‐series in particular, and various software and hardware in general, in different infant eye tracking paradigms. It leaves open the question of the source of the inconsistencies. Here, observations from a Tobii eye tracker are presented to elucidate possible sources of... 2011-12-08T00:00:00Z http://www.isisweb.org/details/journalArticle/1419733/Why_do_Infants_Look_at_and_Use_Positive_Information_from_Some_Informants_Rather_.html Three laboratory experiments on social referencing examined whether infants’ tendencies to look at and use positive information from the experimenter could be interpreted from a perspective of novelty or expertise. In Study 1, novelty was manipulated. Forty‐eight 12‐month‐old infants participated. In a between‐subject design, a more novel or a less novel experimenter presented an ambiguous object and provided positive information. The... 2011-12-08T00:00:00Z http://www.isisweb.org/details/journalArticle/1419735/An_EyeTracking_Investigation_of_Developmental_Changes_in_Infants_Exploration_of_.html We used eye tracking to examine 4.5‐ to 12.5‐month‐old infants’ (N = 92) eye movements during 3‐s presentations of upright and inverted faces. Scanning of inverted faces was statistically indistinguishable at 4.5, 6.5, 8, and 12.5 months of age; at each of these ages, infants disproportionately scanned the region containing the eyes. Scanning of upright faces changed over this age range. When viewing upright faces, 4.5‐month‐old and 6.5‐month‐old... 2011-12-08T00:00:00Z http://www.isisweb.org/details/journalArticle/1419737/Peripheral_Stimulus_Localization_by_Infants_of_Moving_Stimuli_on_Complex_Backgro.html This study examined the effect of attention in young infants on the saccadic localization of dynamic peripheral stimuli presented on complex and interesting backgrounds. Infants at 14, 20, and 26 weeks of age were presented with scenes from a Sesame Street movie until fixation on a moving character occurred and then presented with a second segment in the scene in which the character movement occurred in a new location. Localization of the... 2011-12-08T00:00:00Z http://www.isisweb.org/details/journalArticle/1419739/18MonthOlds_Predict_Specific_Action_Mistakes_Through_Attribution_of_False_Belief.html This study employed a new “anticipatory intervening” paradigm to tease apart false belief and ignorance‐based interpretations of 18‐month‐olds’ helpful informing. We investigated in three experiments whether 18‐month‐old infants inform an adult selectively about one of the two locations depending on the adult’s belief about which of the two locations held her toy. In experiments 1 and 2, the adult falsely believed that one of the... 2011-12-08T00:00:00Z http://www.isisweb.org/details/journalArticle/1410767/Infant_EyeTracking_in_the_Context_of_GoalDirected_Actions.html This paper presents two methods that we applied to our research to record infant gaze in the context of goal‐oriented actions using different eye‐tracking devices: head‐mounted and remote eye‐tracking. For each type of eye‐tracking system, we discuss their advantages and disadvantages, describe the particular experimental setups we used to study infant looking and reaching, and explain how we were able to use and synchronize these systems... 2011-11-30T00:00:00Z http://www.isisweb.org/details/journalArticle/1403297/Acquisition_of_Nonadjacent_Phonological_Dependencies_in_the_Native_Language_Duri.html Languages instantiate many different kinds of dependencies, some holding between adjacent elements and others holding between nonadjacent elements. In the domain of phonology–phonotactics, sensitivity to adjacent dependencies has been found to appear between 6 and 10 months. However, no study has directly established the emergence of sensitivity to nonadjacent phonological dependencies in the native language. The present study focuses on... 2011-11-08T00:00:00Z http://www.isisweb.org/details/journalArticle/1410763/Advances_in_Eye_Tracking_in_Infancy_Research.html 2011-11-01T00:00:00Z http://www.isisweb.org/details/journalArticle/1403289/RaceBased_Perceptual_Asymmetry_in_Face_Processing_Is_Evident_Early_in_Life.html Adults’ processing of own‐race faces differs from that of other‐race faces. The presence of an “other‐race” feature (ORF) has been proposed as a mechanism underlying this specialization. We examined whether this mechanism, which was previously identified in adults and in 9‐month‐olds, is evident at 3.5 months. Caucasian 3.5‐month‐olds looked longer at a pattern containing a single Asian face among seven Caucasian faces than at a pattern... 2011-10-20T00:00:00Z http://www.isisweb.org/details/journalArticle/1403301/Infant_Distress_and_Regulatory_Behaviors_Vary_as_a_Function_of_Attachment_Securi.html Differences in infant distress and regulatory behaviors based on the quality of attachment to mother, emotion context (frustration versus fear), and whether or not mothers were actively involved in the emotion‐eliciting tasks were examined in a sample of ninety‐eight 16‐month‐old infants and their mothers. Dyads participated in the Strange Situation, a limiting task designed to elicit infant frustration, and a novelty task designed to... 2011-10-20T00:00:00Z