http://www.stemcells.com Stem Cells EarlyView RSS Feed http://www.stemcells.com/details/journalArticle/1473813/Tumor_Tropism_of_Intravenously_Injected_Human_Induced_Pluripotent_Stem_CellDeriv.html Abstract Human pluripotent stem cells can serve as an accessible and reliable source for the generation of functional human cells for medical therapies. In this study, we employed a conventional lentiviral transduction method to derive human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from primary human fibroblasts and then generated neural stem cells (NSCs) from the iPS cells. Using a dual‐color whole body imaging technology, we... 2012-02-06T00:00:00Z http://www.stemcells.com/details/journalArticle/1473811/Derivation_and_Functional_Analysis_of_Patient_Specific_Induced_Pluripotent_Stem_.html Abstract Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an inherited disorder of phagocytes in which NADPH oxidase is defective in generating reactive oxygen species. In this study, we reprogrammed three normal unrelated patient's fibroblasts (p47phox and gp91phox) to pluripotency by lentiviral transduction with defined pluripotency factors. These induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) share the morphological features of human embryonic stem cells,... 2012-02-06T00:00:00Z http://www.stemcells.com/details/journalArticle/1473809/CD49f_Enhances_Multipotency_and_Maintains_Stemness_Through_the_Direct_Regulation.html Abstract CD49f (integrin subunit alpha 6) regulates signaling pathways in a variety of cellular activities. However, the role of CD49f in regulating the differentiation and pluripotency of stem cells has not been fully investigated. Therefore, in this study, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were induced to form spheres under non‐adherent culture conditions, and we found that the CD49f‐positive population was enriched in MSC... 2012-02-06T00:00:00Z http://www.stemcells.com/details/journalArticle/1473807/ContextDependent_Enhancement_of_Induced_Pluripotent_Stem_Cell_Reprogramming_by_S.html Abstract Reprogramming of the somatic state to pluripotency can be induced by a defined set of transcription factors including Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4 and c‐Myc [1]. These induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) hold great promise in human therapy and disease modeling. However, tumor suppressive activities of p53, which are necessary to prevent persistence of DNA damage in mammalian cells, have proven a serious impediment to formation of... 2012-02-06T00:00:00Z http://www.stemcells.com/details/journalArticle/1473805/Rai_is_a_New_Regulator_of_Neural_Progenitor_Migration_and_Glioblastoma_Invasion.html Abstract The invasive nature of glioblastoma is one important reason of treatment failure. Glioblastoma stem/progenitor cells retain the migratory ability of normal neural stem/progenitor cells and infiltrate the brain parenchyma. Here we identify Rai (ShcC/N‐Shc), a member of the family of Shc‐like adaptor proteins, as a new regulator of migration of normal and cancer stem/progenitor cells. Rai is expressed in neurogenic areas of... 2012-02-06T00:00:00Z http://www.stemcells.com/details/journalArticle/1455827/NonCanonical_NFB_Signaling_Regulates_Hematopoietic_Stem_Cell_SelfRenewal_and_Mic.html Abstract RelB and NF‐κB2 are the main effectors of NF‐κB non‐canonical signaling and play critical roles in many physiological processes. However, their role in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) maintenance has not been characterized. To investigate this, we generated RelB/NF‐κB2 double‐knockout (dKO) mice and found that dKO HSPCs have profoundly impaired engraftment and self‐renewal activity after transplantation into... 2012-01-30T00:00:00Z http://www.stemcells.com/details/journalArticle/1455825/SFRP1_and_2_DoseDependently_Regulate_Midbrain_Dopamine_Neuron_Development_In_viv.html Abstract Secreted Frizzled related proteins (sFRPs) are a family of proteins that modulate Wnt signaling, which in its turn regulates multiple aspects of ventral midbrain (VM) and dopaminergic (DA) neuron development. However, it is not known which Wnt signaling branch and what aspects of midbrain DA neuron development are regulated by sFRPs. Here, we show that sFRP1 and sFRP2 activate the Wnt/PCP/Rac1 pathway in DA cells. In the... 2012-01-30T00:00:00Z http://www.stemcells.com/details/journalArticle/1455823/Adipose_TissueDerived_Mesenchymal_Stem_Cells_Improve_Revascularization_Outcomes_.html Abstract Background: Reno‐protective strategies are needed to improve renal outcomes in patients with atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS). Adipose tissue‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) can promote renal regeneration, but their potential for attenuating cellular injury and restoring kidney repair in ARAS has not been explored. We hypothesized that replenishment of MSC as an adjunct to percutaneous transluminal renal... 2012-01-30T00:00:00Z http://www.stemcells.com/details/journalArticle/1455821/Nadph_Oxidase_2_Regulates_Bone_Marrow_Microenvironment_Following_Hindlimb_Ischem.html Abstract Bone marrow (BM) microenvironment, which is regulated by hypoxia and proteolytic enzymes, is crucial for stem/progenitor cell function and mobilization involved in postnatal neovascularization. We demonstrated that NADPH oxidase2 (Nox2)‐derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in post‐ischemic mobilization of BM cells and revascularization. However, role of Nox2 in regulating BM microenvironment in response to... 2012-01-30T00:00:00Z http://www.stemcells.com/details/journalArticle/1455819/An_Endogenous_Vitamin_KDependent_Mechanism_Regulates_Cell_Proliferation_in_the_B.html Abstract Neural stem cells (NSC) persist in the adult mammalian brain, within the subventricular zone (SVZ). The endogenous mechanisms underpinning SVZ stem and progenitor cell proliferation are not fully elucidated. Vitamin K‐dependent proteins (VKDP) are mainly secreted factors that were initially discovered as major regulators of blood coagulation. Warfarin, a widespread anticoagulant, is a vitamin K antagonist that inhibits the... 2012-01-30T00:00:00Z http://www.stemcells.com/details/journalArticle/1455817/Novel_Pathways_to_Erythropoiesis_Induced_by_Dimerization_of_Intracellular_cMpl_i.html Abstract The cytokine thrombopoietin (Tpo) plays a critical role in hematopoiesis by binding to the extracellular domain, and inducing homodimerization of the intracellular signaling domain of its receptor, cMpl. Mpl homodimerization can also be accomplished by binding of a synthetic ligand to a constitutively expressed fusion protein F36VMpl consisting of a ligand binding domain (F36V) and the intracellular signaling domain of Mpl.... 2012-01-30T00:00:00Z http://www.stemcells.com/details/journalArticle/1445713/Mechanism_of_Action_of_HOXB4_on_the_Haematopoietic_Differentiation_of_Embryonic_.html Abstract Pluripotent stem cells can be differentiated into haematopoietic lineages in vitro and hold promise for the future treatment of haematological disease. Differentiation strategies involving defined factors in serum‐free conditions have been successful in producing hematopoietic progenitors and some mature cell types from mouse and human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent cells. However, these precisely defined protocols are... 2012-01-20T00:00:00Z http://www.stemcells.com/details/journalArticle/1445711/Efficient_Stage_Specific_Differentiation_of_Human_Pluripotent_Stem_Cells_Towards.html Abstract Recent successes in the stem cell field have identified some of the key chemical and biological cues which drive photoreceptor derivation from human embryonic stem cells (hESC) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC), however the efficiency of this process is variable. We have designed a three‐step photoreceptor differentiation protocol combining previously published methods that direct the differentiation of hESC... 2012-01-20T00:00:00Z http://www.stemcells.com/details/journalArticle/1445709/Intratumoral_Heterogeneity_in_the_SelfRenewal_and_Tumorigenic_Differentiation_of.html Abstract Resistance to anticancer therapy has been attributed to inter‐individual differences in gene expression pathways among tumors, and to the existence within tumors of cancer stem cells with self‐renewal capacity. In previous studies we have demonstrated that the human embryonic stem cells (hESC)‐derived cellular microenvironment in immunocompromised mice, enables functional distinction of heterogeneous tumor cells, including... 2012-01-20T00:00:00Z http://www.stemcells.com/details/journalArticle/1445705/Histamine_Stimulates_Neurogenesis_in_the_Rodent_Subventricular_Zone.html Abstract Neural stem/progenitor cells present in the subventricular zone (SVZ) are a potencial source of repairing cells after injury. Therefore, the identification of novel players that modulate neural stem cells differentiation can have a huge impact in stem cell‐based therapies. Herein, we describe a unique role of histamine in inducing functional neuronal differentiation from cultured mouse SVZ stem/progenitor cells. This... 2012-01-20T00:00:00Z